...direction.
Strictly speaking a diode has a very small reverse current, but this is so small that we almost always neglect it.
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...by
We will find in the next chapter the conditions when we have to consider the output resistance of the collector itself, and the ideal approximation cannot be used.
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...biasing
We well see that in real op-amp circuits this biasing problem is overcome, and DC signals can be fed back as well.
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Neil Goldsman
10/23/1998